Heidelberg has a population of 160 000. Heidelberg can trace its beginnings to the fifth century. It is first mentioned in documents in 769. In 870, the monastery of St. Michael was founded on the Heiligenberg (a large wooded hill). The Neuburg Monastery was founded in the Neckar Valley in 1130.
Heidelberg University was a leading school during the Medieval Scholasticism, Renaissance humanism, and the German Reformation. In 1518, a few months after releasing his Ninety-Five Theses, Martin Luther was received in Heidelberg to defend them.
The Heidelberg Library is the oldest existing public library in Germany. It was founded in 1421.
US Army General George S Patton was in a car accident in Mannheim and died at the Heidelberg US Army Hospital in December 1945. The funeral was at the Hedelberg-Weststadt Christuskriche, and then he was buried in Luxembourg in the 3rd Army Cemetery.
Heidelberg became the headquarters of the American forces in Europe following World War II. The US Army (USAREUR) moved to new headquarters in Wiesbaden in 2012 and 2013. By 2015 all US forces had left Heidelberg. Barracks and housing were returned to the German state to convert for civilian use.
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