Stanley is a city of approximately 2,300 people in northwestern North Dakota. Its economy is closely tied to the oil industry and the Bakken Formation, a major oil-producing geological formation that extends across northwestern North Dakota, northeastern Montana, and parts of southern Saskatchewan and Manitoba.
Oil was first discovered in the Bakken Formation in the 1950s, but extracting it was considered too expensive with the technology available at the time. This changed in the late 2000s with advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing (fracking), which made extraction economically viable and sparked an oil boom in the region.
The Bakken became one of the largest onshore oil-producing areas in the United States outside Texas and California. In a 2008 assessment, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) estimated that the Bakken Formation contained between 3.0 and 4.3 billion barrels of undiscovered, technically recoverable oil, with a mean estimate of 3.65 billion barrels.

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